Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 罪

Modern (Beijing) reading: zuì

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒ́(h)ūjʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ʒ(h)wǝ̄́j

Western Han Chinese: ʒ(h)wǝ̄́j

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ(h)wǝ̄́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)wǝ̄́j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)wǝ̄́j

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)wǝ̄́j

Middle Chinese: ʒój

English meaning : crime, offence, guilt

Russian meaning[s]: 1) преступление; вина; грех; совершать преступление; 2) обвинять, винить; 3) мука, страдание

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 122

Four-angle index: 2737

Karlgren code: 0513 a-b

Vietnamese reading: tội

Character: 署

Modern (Beijing) reading: shǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)as

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)ah

Western Han Chinese: d(h)ah

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ́(h)ah

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)ò

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)ò

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)ò

Middle Chinese: ʒ́ö̀

English meaning : office, occupation, service [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: государственное учреждение; главное управление; управление, канцелярия; [shù] 1) подписывать, ставить подпись; 2) временно исполнять должность; вр. и. о.; 3) расположить, разместить

Comments: The Mand. tone is irregular (shù would be expected). Standard Sino-Viet. is thụ'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 122

Four-angle index: 1619

Karlgren code: 0045 r

Vietnamese reading: thọ'

Character: 義

Modern (Beijing) reading: yì

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋajs

Classic Old Chinese: ŋajh

Western Han Chinese: ŋajh

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋeh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋè

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋè

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋè

Middle Chinese: ŋè

English meaning : be right, righteous, proper

Russian meaning[s]: 1) справедливость, долг, обязанности; чувство долга, принципиальность; справедливый, принципиальный; 2) правда; правое дело; правый; 3) честь; честность; беспристрастный, нелицеприятный, объективный; 4) благотворительный; бесплатный; коммунальный, публичный; 5) добровольный; 6) принцип, основное положение; суть; смысл, значение; 7) временный; фиктивный, фальшивый; искусственный; 8) названый, приемный; 9) обряд, вм. 儀; 10) сокр. Италия; итальянский; 11) И (фамилия)

Comments: A derivate from 宜 *ŋaj q.v. Viet. nghĩa is a rather archaic reading (preserving the late Han-time a-vocalism, but having already lost the final *-j), but is accepted as standard Sino-Viet. For *ŋ- cf. Chaozhou ŋi⁴, Fuzhou ŋie⁶.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 123

Four-angle index: 6776

Karlgren code: 0002 r-t

Vietnamese reading: nghĩa

Character: 羨

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhans

Classic Old Chinese: lhanh

Western Han Chinese: lhanh

Eastern Han Chinese: zhanh

Early Postclassic Chinese: zhèn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: zhèn

Late Postclassic Chinese: zhèn

Middle Chinese: zjèn

English meaning : covet, desire; surplus, affluence

Russian meaning[s]: 1) жаждать; томиться (по чему-л.); страстно желать; завидовать; 2) любить; восхищаться, восхвалять; 3) избыток, остаток; превзойти

Comments: Also irregularly read in MC as ʒjèn (Pek. jiàn); during LZ borrowed for *lan (MC jen, Pek. yán) "oblong".

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 123

Four-angle index: 4852

Karlgren code: 0207 a

Character: 群

Modern (Beijing) reading: qún

Preclassic Old Chinese: ghur

Classic Old Chinese: ghun

Western Han Chinese: ghun

Eastern Han Chinese: ghun

Early Postclassic Chinese: ghun

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ghun

Late Postclassic Chinese: ghun

Middle Chinese: gün

English meaning : be a group, herd

Russian meaning[s]: 1) масса, толпа; сборище; скопище; стая; стадо, табун, косяк; компания; толпой, кучей, массой; множество; во множестве; скопляться, скучиваться; 2) устар. формант множественного числа

Comments: For *gh- cf. Chaozhou, Fuzhou khuŋ².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 123

Four-angle index: 2515

Karlgren code: 0459 d-e

Shijing occurrences: 26.4

Character: 聖

Modern (Beijing) reading: shèng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ƛeŋs

Classic Old Chinese: ƛeŋh

Western Han Chinese: l̥eŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: śeŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: śèŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: śèŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: śèŋ

Middle Chinese: śèŋ

English meaning : be wise

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мудрец; святой; совершенный; в совершенстве; 2) императорский; 3) в собственных именах: сан-, санкт-, сант-

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 128

Four-angle index: 304

Karlgren code: 0835 |z-b ́

Vietnamese reading: thánh

Shijing occurrences: 32.2

Character: 聘

Modern (Beijing) reading: pǐn

English meaning : to inquire

Russian meaning[s]: 1) приглашать; 2) сватать, посылать свадебные подарки; свадьба; 3) осведомляться через посланного; [pìng] выдать замуж (дочь)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 128

Four-angle index: 4436

Character: 肆

Modern (Beijing) reading: sì

Preclassic Old Chinese: slhǝts (~ -ps)

Classic Old Chinese: sl̥ǝć

Western Han Chinese: sl̥ǝś

Eastern Han Chinese: s(h)jǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jiś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jìj

Late Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jì

Middle Chinese: sjì

English meaning : to spread, set forth, arrange

Russian meaning[s]: 1) не знать предела; своевольничать, самодурствовать; распустить себя; распущенный; произвольный; 2) лавка; торговые ряды; рынок; 3) расставлять в порядке, раскладывать, выставлять; витрина; 4) применять; прилагать (напрягать) силы; пускать в ход; 5) смягчать; 6) держать, брать; пускать в дело; 7) попробовать, попытаться; 8) четыре (прописью)

Comments: Used also for homonymous words: "to be lax"; "then, thereupon"; "to maul"; "a set, row".

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 129

Four-angle index: 2579

Karlgren code: 0509 h-l

Character: 肄

Modern (Beijing) reading: yì

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhǝps

Classic Old Chinese: lhǝć

Western Han Chinese: lhǝś

Eastern Han Chinese: zhǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: zhɨś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: zhɨ̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: zhɨ̀j

Middle Chinese: jì

English meaning : toil, to toil

Russian meaning[s]: 1) упражняться; учиться; 2) тяжелый труд; 3) молодые ветви дерева

Shuowen gloss: 習也.從聿.#聲.籀文肄.篆文肄.[117]

Comments: The word is an obvious derivate of *lhǝp 習 'to practise' q.v., thus we can safely reconstruct *lh- (although in MC one would rather expect zjì in this case; jì must be an old dialectal reading). This reconstruction is corroborated by the usage of 肄 for a homonymous *lhǝć 'a shoot', probably < *lhǝj-s and related to 荑 *lhǝ̄j q.v.

Radical: 129

Four-angle index: 2578

Karlgren code: 0509 g

Shijing occurrences: 10.2_, 35.6_

Character: 腱

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiān

Preclassic Old Chinese: kar

Classic Old Chinese: kan

Western Han Chinese: kan

Eastern Han Chinese: kan

Early Postclassic Chinese: kan

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kǝn

Late Postclassic Chinese: kǝn

Middle Chinese: kǝn

English meaning : sinew [LZ]

Comments: Also read *gar-s, MC gǝ̀n, Pek. jiàn (also Xiamen kian⁶, Chaozhou kieŋ⁴, Fuzhou kioŋ⁶) id.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0249 f

Character: 腰

Modern (Beijing) reading: yāo

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔew

Classic Old Chinese: ʔew

Western Han Chinese: ʔjaw

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔjaw

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔjew

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔjew

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔjew

Middle Chinese: ʔjew

English meaning : waist, waist-band

Russian meaning[s]: 1) талия; поясница; 2) промежуточный; середка; 3) пазуха; кошелек; [yào] подъем (сапога); голенище

Comments: Originally written as 要.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 8836

Karlgren code: 1142 b

Jianchuan Bai: ji4-, jao4-

Dali Bai: ji5-, jo5-

Bijiang Bai: ẽ4-

Character: 腸

Modern (Beijing) reading: cháng

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łaŋ

Classic Old Chinese: Łaŋ

Western Han Chinese: laŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: źaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: źaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: źaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: źaŋ

Middle Chinese: ḍaŋ

English meaning : intestines

Russian meaning[s]: 1) кишки; внутренности, утроба; 2) сердце; моральный облик

Comments: For *Ł- cf. Xiamen tŋ², Chaozhou tŋ², Fuzhou toŋ², Jianou tɔŋ².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 4388

Karlgren code: 0720 y

Jianchuan Bai: cõ2

Dali Bai: cou2

Bijiang Bai: ṭõ2

Character: 腥

Modern (Beijing) reading: xīng

Preclassic Old Chinese: sēŋ

Classic Old Chinese: sēŋ

Western Han Chinese: sēŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: siēŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: siēŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: siēŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: siēŋ

Middle Chinese: sieŋ

English meaning : rank smell

Comments: Also read *sēŋ-s, MC sìeŋ id. The word is also used for a homonymous *sēŋ(-s) 'grainy grease, grease'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0812 |a ́

Vietnamese reading: tanh

Jianchuan Bai: śɛ̃4

Dali Bai: śer4

Character: 腮

Modern (Beijing) reading: sāi

Preclassic Old Chinese: shǝ̄

Classic Old Chinese: shǝ̄

Western Han Chinese: shǝ̄

Eastern Han Chinese: shǝ̄

Early Postclassic Chinese: shǝ̄

Middle Postclassic Chinese: shǝ̄

Late Postclassic Chinese: shǝ̄j

Middle Chinese: sʌj

English meaning : jaws, lower part of face [Liang]

Russian meaning[s]: щека

Comments: For *sh cf. Xiamen chi¹.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 8391

Character: 腳

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiǎo

Preclassic Old Chinese: kak

Classic Old Chinese: kak

Western Han Chinese: kak

Eastern Han Chinese: kak

Early Postclassic Chinese: kak

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kak

Late Postclassic Chinese: kak

Middle Chinese: kak

English meaning : foot [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) нога; ступня; основание (предмета); подошва (горы); 2) перевозка, переноска; 3) плата за доставку (перевозку); 4) остаток; осадок; 5) придаток; привесок; 6) доход, прибыль; разница (в курсе); 7) амплуа; персонаж; роль

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 2107

Karlgren code: 0776 g-h

Go-on: kaku

Kan-on: kiyaku

Japanese reading: kyaku+;kya+;ashi+

Vietnamese reading: cú'o'c

Jianchuan Bai: ko6

Dali Bai: ko6

Bijiang Bai: ko6

Character: 腫

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhǒng

Preclassic Old Chinese: toŋʔs

Classic Old Chinese: toŋh

Western Han Chinese: toŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: ćoŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćòŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćòŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćòŋ

Middle Chinese: ćö̀uŋ

English meaning : be swollen, inflated [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) опухоль; опухать; 2) 2-е число (в телеграммах)

Comments: Mand. zhǒng reflects an unattested MC *ćö́uŋ ( < *toŋʔ). Cf. also �.

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 462

Karlgren code: 1188 e

Vietnamese reading: thũng

Character: 腹

Modern (Beijing) reading: fù

Preclassic Old Chinese: puk

Classic Old Chinese: puk

Western Han Chinese: pǝuk

Eastern Han Chinese: pǝuk

Early Postclassic Chinese: pɨuk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: puk

Late Postclassic Chinese: puk

Middle Chinese: pük

English meaning : belly; feeling, instinct

Russian meaning[s]: 1) живот, брюшная полость; брюшной; брюхо; перед; спереди; 2) нутро; внутри; внутренний; глубинный; 3) обнимать, охватывать; 4) прятать, утаивать

Shuowen gloss: 厚也.從肉.#聲. [170]

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 6269

Karlgren code: 1034 h

Jianchuan Bai: fü6

Dali Bai: fü6

Shijing occurrences: 7.3

Character: 腺

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiàn

Russian meaning[s]: анат. железа

Comments: See 線.

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 5509

Character: 腦

Modern (Beijing) reading: nǎo

Preclassic Old Chinese: nūʔ (~ -āwʔ)

Classic Old Chinese: nū́

Western Han Chinese: nǝ̄́w

Eastern Han Chinese: nǝ̄́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: nǝ̄́w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: nā́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: nā́w

Middle Chinese: nấw

English meaning : brain [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) голова; 2) мозги; 3) рассудок, ум

Comments: For *n- cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou, Jianou nau³, Fuzhou nɔ³.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 1910

Vietnamese reading: não

Jianchuan Bai: no1

Dali Bai: nü1-

Bijiang Bai: nü1-

Character: 舅

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiù

Preclassic Old Chinese: guʔ

Classic Old Chinese: gú

Western Han Chinese: gǝ́w

Eastern Han Chinese: gǝ́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: gíw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gǝ́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: gǝ́w

Middle Chinese: gǝ́w

English meaning : uncle

Russian meaning[s]: 1) дядя (со стороны матери); 2) свекор; 3) шурин (брат жены)

Comments: The regular Sino-Viet. reading is cũ'u. For *g- cf. Xiamen ku⁶, Chaozhou ku⁴, Fuzhou, Jianou kiu⁶.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 134

Four-angle index: 4736

Karlgren code: 1067 b

Vietnamese reading: cậu

Jianchuan Bai: -ćo8

Dali Bai: -ćou4

Bijiang Bai: -qɨ1